| MATERIAL TYPE: | FORM: | EXAMPLE: |
|---|---|---|
| A book or pamphlet by a single author | Author's name (last name first). Title of Book. Publication information. (Place of publication: Publisher, copyright date.) |
Aldrich, Ella. Using Books and Libraries. New York: Prentice-Hall, 1971. |
| A republished book | Add original publication date after title. |
Doctorow, E. L. Welcome to Hard Times. 1960. New York: Bantam, 1976. |
| An anthology or a compilation | (with translation from another language) |
Nichols, Fred J., ed. and trans. An Anthology of Neo-Latin Poetry. New Haven: Yale UP, 1979. |
| Two or more books by the same person | Give the name in the first entry only. Thereafter, in place of the name, type three hyphens and a period, skip two spaces, and give title. |
Frye, Northrup. Anatomy of Criticism: Four Essays. Princeton: Princeton UP, 1957.---. A Study of English Romanticism. Norman: U of Oklahoma P, 1968. |
| A book by two or three authors | Only the first author named is written last name first. |
Marquart, James W., Sheldon Ekland Olson, and Jonathan R. Sorenson. The Rope, the Chair, and the Needle: Capital Punishment in Texas, 1923-1990. Austin: U of Texas P. 1994. |
| A book by more than three persons as authors OR editors | Only the first author's name is given, followed by et. al. |
Edens, Walter, et al., eds. Teaching Shakespeare. New Haven: Yale UP, 1977. |
| A book with volume numbers (and separate titles) in a series |
Durant, Will, and Ariel Durant. The Age of Voltaire. New York: Simon, 1965. Vol. 9 of The Story of Civilization. 11 vols. 1935-75. |
|
| An anonymous book | Begin the entry with the title. |
Dictionary of Ancient Greek Civilization. London: Methuen, 1966. |
| A book without stated publication information or pagination |
Missing information should be indicated by using: n.p. - no place publication n.p. - no publisher given n.d. - no date of publication n. pag. - no pagination given |
|
| A work in an anthology | Indicate page numbers from which material came. |
Garcia Marquez, Gabriel. "A Very Old Man with Enormous Wings." Leaf Storm and Other Stories. Ed. Raul Julia. Trans. Gregory Papassa. New York: Harper, 1972. 105-12. |
| An article in a periodical | Omit introductory article, but otherwise give name, underlined, as it appears on title page. |
Hahn, Emily. "Eleventh Hour." New Yorker 4 May 1981: 6-9. Kantrowitz, Barbara. "Woman We Loved." Newsweek 8 Sept. 1997: 40-8. |
| An article in a daily newspaper | Give by-line if article has an author. Plus sign (+) in entry indicates article is continued on inside pages. |
Shear, Michael D. "They Fought on Two Fronts." Washington Post 5 Mar. 1995: A1+. |
| A government publication |
United States Department of Labor. Bureau of Labor Statistics. Dictionary of Occupational Statistics. 4th ed. Washington: GPO, 1977. |
|
| An article in a reference book (encyclopedia) | Many article are unsigned or have author name at end of entry. |
Chiappini, Luciano. "Este, House of." Encyclopedia Brittannica: Macropaedia. 1974 ed. |
| Radio and television programs |
The First Americans. Narr. Hugh Downs. Writ. and prod. Craig Fisher. NBC News Special. KNBC, Los Angeles. 21 Mar. 1968. |
|
| Recordings of music or spoken words. |
Fogarty, John. "Fortunate Son." Chronicle. Creedence Clearwater Revival. Geffen, 2GHS 22017, 1981. |
|
| Films, filmstrips, slide programs and videotapes |
One Flew Over the Cuckoo's Nest. Dir. Milos Forman. With Jack Nicholson. RCA, 1975. |
|
| Interviews |
Morrison. Toni. Personal interview. Pitch 17 Mar. 1995: 5. |
|
| ELECTRONIC SOURCES: | ||
| Electronic Text * | Author's name. "Title of Document." Title of complete work.
Document date (if known and different from access date). < URL address> (Date of access). |
Burka, Lauren P. "In the Senate: Week of May 12, 1997." Floor Activities in Congress. May 1997. http://www. thomas.loc.Gov/home/hot-week.html> (16 May 1977). |
| Listserv Messages * | Author. <Author's e-mail address> "Subject line from the posting." Date of message (if different from the access date). <Address of Listserv> (date of access). |
Carbone, Nick. <nickc@english.umass. edu> "Followup to Don's Comments." 26 Jan. 1996. <http://www.ttu.edu> (17 Feb. 1996). |
| Mail Messages * | Author. <Author's e-mail address> "Subject line from the posting." Date of publication. Medium of communication. (Date of access). |
Franke, Norman. <frankel@llnl.gov> "SoundApp 2.0.2." 29 Apr. 1996. Personal e-mail. (3 May 1996). |
| Material with publisher information from print source or print analogue ** |
Angier, Natalie. "Chemists Learn Why Vegetables Are Good for You." New York Times 13 Apr. 1993, late ed.: New York Times Ondisc. CD_ROM. UMI- Proquest. Oct. 1993. |
|
| Non-Periodical Publication on CD-ROM ** | Use this form for citation of electronic encyclopedia. |
"Albatross." American Heritage Dictionary. Microsoft Bookshelf. 1993 ed. CD- ROM. Redmond: Microsoft, 1993. |
| Online Database ** |
Angier, Natalie. "Chemists Learn Why Vegetables Are Good for You." New York Times 13 Apr. 1993, late ed.: Cl. New York Times Online. Online. 10 Feb. 1994. |
|
* These bibliographic formats are based on the Modern Language Association (MLA) Guidelines. The documentation may be found at http://webster.commnet.edu/mla.htm
** N.B. Sample entries have been taken from the MLA Handbook for Writers of Research Papers 4th ed. Changes have been made in some entries
Prepared by Ms. Josie Kelly and the staff of the Walter Johnson Library/Media Center. 1/98
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