Ten Frame Flash Cards ~
Addition and Subtraction Basic Fact Strategies
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Students use the ten frames, like the ones on the left, to make sense of addition and subtraction. These alternative flash cards allow students to see a visual model of the addition and subtraction facts, encourages them to use strategies that help them to memorize the fact, and present addition and subtraction as inverse operations.
On the left is the front of the flash card. The student must interpret the basic facts that the ten frames represent. The top ten frame shows 8 dots, the bottom shows 3 dots. The student sees that 2 dots from the bottom frame would fill the top frame and make 10. There is one dot left over in the bottom frame, making 11. The student then fills in the four facts of the fact family for 3, 8, and 11, connecting the "turnaround" facts (3 + 8 = 8 + 3) and the inverse facts (subtraction).
Click here for a great web
activity using ten frames! |
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This is the back of the flash card. The student takes the three numbers from the front, and writes them into the fact triangle. Notice, the largest of the three numbers goes by the dot. Students can then practice their facts. The student can practice facts by coveringn one corner of the triangle, leaving the other two numbers visible. The student figures out the missing number, and then states it. Then, the student states all four facts in the fact family. Remember that the number with the dot is the sum, or the largest of the three numbers.
The benefit of studying fact families instead of one fact at a time is that students learn four facts and connect addition and subtraction as inverse operations.
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The student has used the strategy of completing the 10 by adding three of the dots to the top ten frame. She then sees that there are 2 dots left in the bottom frame, recognizing that there are 12 dots.  |
You can download the flashcards here. The first graders work on mastering sums to 10 ( 5 + 5, 9 + 1, 7 + 2). Students should master these facts before moving on to the sums to 20 (9 + 9, 7 + 8, 6 + 7) which are expected by the end of 2nd grade.
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